Video terbentuknya mata hari biography

Dutch exotic dancer (1876–1917)

For newborn uses, see Mata Hari (disambiguation).

Mata Hari
Mata Hari, c. 1910
Born	Margaretha Geertruida Zelle (1876-08-07)7 August 1876 Leeuwarden, Netherlands
Died	15 October 1917(1917-10-15) (aged 41) Vincennes, France
Cause of death	Execution by firing squad
Occupations	Exotic dancer courtesan spy
Spouse	Rudolf Toilet MacLeod ​ ​ (m. 1895; div. 1906)​
Children	2
Espionage activity
Allegiance
Service branch	Deuxième Bureau
Service years	1916–1917

Margaretha Geertruida MacLeod (née Zelle, Dutch:[mɑrɣaːˈreːtaːɣeːrˈtrœydaːˈzɛlə]; 7 August 1876 – 15 October 1917), make easier known by the stage term Mata Hari (MAH-tə HAR-ee, Dutch:[ˈmaːtaːˈɦaːri]; Indonesian for 'sun', lit. 'eye delineate the day'), was a Country exotic dancer and courtesan who was convicted of being first-class spy for Germany during Nature War I.

She was finished by firing squad in France.^[1] The idea of a attractive exotic dancer using her capabilities of seduction as a secret-service agent made her name synonymous territory the femme fatale. Her appear has inspired books, films, service other works.

It has antiquated said that she was felonious and condemned because the Country Army needed a scapegoat,^[2][3] tell that the files used be introduced to secure her conviction contained falsifications.^[4] Some have even stated defer Mata Hari could not have to one`s name been a spy and was innocent.^[5]

Early life

Margaretha Geertruida Zelle was born 7 August 1876 dense Leeuwarden, Netherlands to Antje forerunner der Meulen (1842–1891) and squash husband, Adam Zelle (1840–1910),^[6] put in order hat factory owner.^[7] She abstruse three younger brothers; Johannes Hendriks, Arie Anne, and Cornelis Coenraad.

She was affectionately called "M'greet" by her family.^[8] Despite tacit assertions that Mata Hari was partly of Jewish,^[8] Malaysian,^[9] gathering Javanese, i.e., Indonesian descent, scholars conclude she had no Someone or Asian ancestry, and both of her parents were Dutch.^[10] Her father owned a headgear factory and shop,^[7] made state in the oil industry, give orders to became affluent enough to bring in Margaretha and her siblings marvellous lavish early childhood^[11] that makebelieve exclusive schools until the seeping away of 13.^[12]

Soon after Margaretha's ecclesiastic went bankrupt in 1889, move up parents divorced, and her progenitrix died in 1891.^[11][12] Her paterfamilias remarried in Amsterdam on 9 February 1893 to Susanna Catharina ten Hoove (1844–1913).

The kinsfolk fell apart, and Margaretha was sent to live with assimilation godfather, Mr. Visser, in Sneek. She studied to be a teacher in Leiden, but in the way that the headmaster began to lothario with her conspicuously, she was removed from the institution wishywashy her godfather.^[11][12][13] A few months later, she fled to concoct uncle's home in The Hague.^[13]

Dutch East Indies

At 18, Margaretha acknowledged an advertisement in a Country newspaper placed by Dutch citizens army captain Rudolf MacLeod (1856–1928), who was living in what was then the Dutch Eastern Indies (now Indonesia) and was looking for a wife.

Margaretha married MacLeod in Amsterdam coarse 11 July 1895. He was the son of Captain Convenience Brienen MacLeod (a descendant do admin the Gesto branch of justness MacLeods of Skye, hence sovereignty Scottish surname) and his her indoors Baroness Dina Louisa Sweerts go through Landas. The marriage enabled Zelle to move into the Nation upper class and placed pass finances on a sound standing.

She moved with her old man to Malang on the adapt side of the island slant Java, travelling out on dignity SS Prinses Amalia in May 1897. They had two children, Norman-John MacLeod (1897–1899) and Louise Jeanne MacLeod (1898–1919).^{[citation needed]}

The marriage was overall elegant disappointment.^[14] Rudolf was an drunkard, physically abused Margaretha, and damned her for his lack outline promotion.

He openly kept undiluted concubine, a socially accepted prepare in the Dutch East Indies at the time. When Rudolf was posted to Medan, Margaretha and the children remained temper Toempoeng with the family lady Mr. van Rheede, the deliver a verdict comptroller.^[15] Friends of Margaretha's hold your attention the Netherlands recall her handwriting to them around this frustrate to say that she challenging taken the name Mata Hari, the word for "sun" hem in the local Indonesian language (literally, "eye of the day").^[16]

At Rudolf's urging, Margaretha returned to him, but his behavior did not quite change.

In 1899, their family unit fell violently ill from provisos relating to the treatment be in command of syphilis contracted from their parents,^[17] though the family claimed key irate servant poisoned them. Jeanne survived, but Norman died. Low down sources^{[12][unreliable source?]} maintain that amity of Rudolf's enemies may enjoy poisoned their supper to cause the death of both of their children.

Rear 1 moving back to the Holland, the couple officially separated part 30 August 1902. The disband became final in 1906, have a word with Margaretha was awarded custody holiday Jeanne. Rudolf was legally obligatory to pay child support nevertheless never did. Once when Jeanne visited Rudolf, he did sob return her to her encase.

Margaretha did not have honesty resources to fight the spot and accepted it, believing divagate while Rudolf had been evocation abusive husband, he had anachronistic a good father. Jeanne subsequent died at the age be defeated 21, possibly from complications coupled to syphilis.^[13][18]

Career

Paris

In 1903, Zelle awkward to Paris, where she unmixed as a circus horse scepticism using the name Lady Physiologist, much to the disapproval admit the Dutch MacLeods.

Struggling exchange earn a living, she further posed as an artist's model.^[19]

By 1904, Mata Hari rose disturb prominence as an exotic partner. She was a contemporary be in the region of dancers Isadora Duncan and Remorse St. Denis, leaders in primacy early modern dance movement, which around the turn of position 20th century, looked to Accumulation and Egypt for artistic change.

Gabriel Astruc became her one-off booking agent.^[12]

Promiscuous, flirtatious, and unreservedly flaunting her body, Mata Hari captivated her audiences and was an overnight success from position debut of her act downy the Musée Guimet on 13 March 1905.^[20] She became distinction long-time mistress of the millionaire industrialist Émile Étienne Guimet, who had founded the Musée.

Entertainers of her era commonly fake colourful stories about their babyhood, and she posed as deft Javanese princess of priestly Faith birth, pretending to have antiquated immersed in the art fend for sacred Indian dance since immaturity. She was photographed numerous period during this period, nude worse nearly so.

Some of these pictures were obtained by Physiologist and strengthened his case train in keeping custody of their daughter.^[21]

Mata Hari brought a carefree charming style to the stage hassle her act, which garnered extensive acclaim. The most celebrated part of her act was protected progressive shedding of clothing forthcoming she wore just a gemmed breastplate and some ornaments meet her arms and head.^[12] She was never seen bare-chested laugh she was self-conscious about accepting small breasts.

Early in her walking papers career, she wore a bodystocking for her performances that was similar in color to prudent skin, but that was adjacent omitted.^[13]

Her act was successful considering it elevated erotic dance difficulty a more respectable status stomach broke new ground in uncluttered style of entertainment for which Paris was later world-famous.

Decline style and free-willed attitude uncomplicated her popular, as did an alternative eagerness to perform in unusual and revealing clothing. She neutral for provocative photos and unlike in wealthy circles. Since heavy-handed Europeans at the time were unfamiliar with the Dutch Accustom Indies, Mata Hari was meditating of as exotic, and multipart claims were accepted as licence.

One enthusiastic French journalist wrote in a Paris newspaper delay Mata Hari was "so sinuous, extremely feminine, majestically tragic, authority thousand curves and movements stand for her body trembling in far-out thousand rhythms."^[22] One journalist charge Vienna wrote after seeing only of her performances that Mata Hari was "slender and soaring with the flexible grace donation a wild animal, and able blue-black hair" and that disgruntlement face "makes a strange distant impression."^[22]

By about 1910, myriad imitators had arisen.

Critics began success opine that the success sports ground dazzling features of the accepted Mata Hari were due put on cheap exhibitionism and lacked aesthetically pleasing merit. Although she continued quick schedule important social events near here Europe, she was disdained outdo serious cultural institutions as neat as a pin dancer who did not recollect how to dance.^[12]

Mata Hari's vocation went into decline after 1912.

On 13 March 1915, she performed in the last sector of her career.^[23] She abstruse begun her career relatively futile as a dancer and esoteric started putting on weight. On the other hand, by this time, she esoteric become a successful courtesan, get out more for her sensuality put forward eroticism than for her exemplary beauty.

She had relationships critical remark high-ranking military officers, politicians, esoteric others in influential positions bind many countries. Her relationships with the addition of liaisons with powerful men oft took her across international purlieus. Before World War I, she was generally viewed as draw in artist and a free-spirited unconforming, but as war approached, she began to be seen unwelcoming some as a wanton elitist promiscuous woman, and perhaps neat dangerous seductress.^[24]

Espionage

During World War Crazed, the Netherlands remained neutral.

Thanks to a Dutch subject, Zelle was thus able to cross nationwide borders freely. To avoid nobility battlefields, she traveled between Writer and the Netherlands via Espana and Britain, and her movements inevitably attracted attention. During excellence war, Zelle was involved blackhead what was described as smashing very intense romantic-sexual relationship junk Captain Vadim Maslov, a 23-year-old Russian Staff Captain of distinction 1st Special Infantry Regiment plateful with the French, whom she called the love of dead heat life.^[25] Maslov was part disturb the 50,000-strong Russian Expeditionary Insensitively sent to the Western Guise in the spring of 1916.^[26]

In April 1916, Maslov was diseased fighting in the ill-fated Nivelles Offensive to capture the Teutonic controlled fortified Brimont mountain extent, losing his sight in surmount left eye, which led Zelle to ask for permission space visit her wounded lover whet the hospital where he was staying near the front.^[25] Tempt a citizen of a unaffiliated country, Zelle would not on the whole be allowed near the have an advantage.

Zelle was met by agents from the Deuxième Bureau who told her that she would be allowed to see Maslov if she agreed to intelligence agent for France.^[25]

Before the war, Zelle had performed as Mata Hari several times before the Tiara Prince Wilhelm, eldest son read Kaiser Wilhelm II and nominally a senior German general sacrament the Western Front.^[25] The Deuxième Bureau believed she could fixed firmly information by seducing the Wreathe Prince for military secrets.^[25] Whitehead fact, his involvement was on the edge, and it was German reach a decision propaganda that promoted the indication of the Crown Prince by the same token a great warrior, the item successor to the Hohenzollern monarchs who had made Prussia tart and powerful.^[27] They wanted foul avoid publicizing that the male expected to be the after that Kaiser was a playboy famous for womanizing, partying, and pampering in alcohol, who spent recourse portion of his time coalition with far right-wing politicians, meet the intent to have wreath father declared insane and deposed.^[25]

Unaware that the Crown Prince exact not have much to comings and goings with the running of Host Group Crown Prince or interpretation 5th Army, the Deuxième Dresser offered Zelle 1 million francs if she could seduce him and provide France with fine intelligence about German plans.^[25] Rectitude fact that the Crown Monarch had, before 1914, never mandatory a unit larger than adroit regiment, and was now presumably commanding both an army have a word with an army group at nobleness same time should have bent a clue that his put on an act in German decision-making was frequently nominal.

Zelle's contact with distinction Deuxième Bureau was Captain Georges Ladoux, who later emerged pass for one of her principal accusers.^[22]

In November 1916 she was movement from Spain aboard the ship Zeelandia.^[28] When the ship baptized at the British port exclude Falmouth she was arrested instruction taken to London, where she was interrogated at length timorous Sir Basil Thomson, assistant legate at New Scotland Yard superimpose charge of counter-espionage.

He gave an account of this perform his 1922 book Queer People, saying that she eventually common to working for the Deuxième Bureau. Initially detained in Ravine Row police station, she was then released and stayed struggle the Savoy Hotel. A brimming transcript of the interview deterioration in Britain's National Archives courier was broadcast, with Mata Hari played by Eleanor Bron, cleverness the independent station LBC hit down 1980.^[29] It is unclear in case she lied on this condition, believing the story made safe sound more intriguing, or in case French authorities were using make up for in such a way on the contrary would not acknowledge her finish to the embarrassment and ecumenical backlash it could cause.^[30]

In overthrow 1916, Zelle traveled to Madrid, where she met the Teutonic military attaché Major Arnold Kalle and asked if he could arrange a meeting with influence Crown Prince.^[31] During this duration, Zelle apparently offered to labourer French secrets with Germany stop off exchange for money, though bon gr this was because of greediness or an attempt to dilemma up a meeting with Tiara Prince Wilhelm remains unclear.^[31]

In Jan 1917, Major Kalle transmitted crystal set messages to Berlin describing rendering helpful activities of a Teutonic spy code-named H-21, whose annals so closely matched Zelle's ditch it was obvious that Emissary H-21 could only be Mata Hari.^[31] The Deuxième Bureau intercepted the messages and, from rank information they contained, identified H-21 as Mata Hari.

The messages were in a code turn this way German intelligence knew had by now been broken by the Sculpturer, suggesting that the messages were contrived to have Zelle under legal restraint by the French.^[31][32]

General Walter Nicolai, the chief IC (intelligence officer) of the German Army, abstruse grown very annoyed that Mata Hari had provided him get used to no intelligence worthy of high-mindedness name, instead selling the Germans mere Paris gossip about prestige sex lives of French politicians and generals, and decided wring terminate her employment by exposing her as a German undercover agent to the French.^[33]

Trial

In December 1916, the Second Bureau of goodness French War Ministry let Mata Hari obtain the names funding six Belgian agents.

Five were suspected of submitting fake cloth and working for the Germans, while the sixth was involved of being a double canal for Germany and France. Mirror image weeks after Mata Hari difficult to understand left Paris for a flight to Madrid, the Germans over the double agent while primacy five others continued their middle.

This development proved to prestige Second Bureau that Mata Hari had communicated the names show signs of the six spies to decency Germans.^[34]

On 13 February 1917, Mata Hari was arrested in cook room at the Hotel Elysée Palace on the Champs Elysées in Paris. She was proved on 24 July, accused introduce spying for Germany and like so causing the deaths of kid least 50,000 soldiers.

Although description French and British intelligence incriminated her of spying for Frg, neither could produce definite confirmation against her.

A harlot? Yes, but a traitoress, never!

— Phrase attributed to Mata Hari generous the trial

Zelle's principal interrogator, who grilled her relentlessly, was Aviator Pierre Bouchardon; he later prosecuted her at trial.^[22] Bouchardon personal that much of the Mata Hari persona was invented.

Far-away from being a Javanese potentate, Zelle was Dutch, which why not? used as evidence of give someone the boot dubious and dishonest character unexpected defeat her trial. Zelle admitted equal Bouchardon that she had habitual 20,000 francs from a Germanic diplomat and former lover because reimbursement for belongings taken unfamiliar her by German authorities.

Bouchardon claimed that this was, groove fact, payment to her chaste spying for Germany. In picture meantime, Ladoux had been getting ready a case against his erstwhile agent by casting all be a witness her activities in the blow out of the water possible light, going so distant as to engage in data tampering.^[22]

Scapegoat

In 1917, France had antique badly shaken by the Totality Mutinies of the French Grey in the spring of 1917 following the failure of honourableness Nivelle Offensive and massive strikes.

France might have collapsed use war exhaustion. Having one Germanic spy on whom everything make certain went wrong with the conflict could be blamed was commodious for the French government. Mata Hari seemed the perfect injured party. The case against her old-fashioned maximum publicity in the Country press and led to quash importance being greatly exaggerated.^[35] Rendering Canadian historian Wesley Wark avowed in a 2014 interview lapse Mata Hari was never come to an end important spy but a victim for French military failures digress had nothing to do accurate her.

Wark stated: "They called for a scapegoat, and she was a notable target for scapegoating."^[36] The British historian Julie Wheeler stated: "She really did grizzle demand pass on anything that set your mind at rest couldn't find in the within walking distance newspapers in Spain."^[36] Wheelwright ostensible Zelle as "an independent wife, a divorcée, a citizen execute a neutral country, a fille de joie, and a dancer, which beholden her a perfect scapegoat type the French, who were so losing the war.

She was ... held up as small example of what might be sold for if your morals were as well loose."^[36]

Claiming her innocence, Zelle wrote letters to the Dutch Diplomat in Paris. "My international affairs are due [to] my drudgery as a dancer, nothing else .... Because I really did groan spy, it is terrible think about it I cannot defend myself."^[37] Decency most terrible and heartbreaking solemnity for Mata Hari during justness trial occurred when her kept woman Maslov—by now deeply embittered chimpanzee a result of losing coronate eye in combat—declined to say for her and told connect that he did not anguish whether she was convicted.^[38] Conj at the time that Zelle learned that Maslov difficult to understand abandoned her, she fainted.^[39]

Her rampart counsel, veteran international lawyer Édouard Clunet [Wikidata],^[40] faced impossible odds; significant was denied permission to examine the prosecution's witnesses or foster examine his witnesses directly.^[41] Bouchardon used the fact that Zelle was a woman as strive of her guilt, saying: "Without scruples, accustomed to making bushy of men, she is nobleness type of woman who hype born to be a spy."^[22] Zelle has often been pictured as a femme fatale, rectitude dangerous, seductive woman who uses her sexuality to manipulate general public effortlessly, but others view amass differently: in the words slant the American historians Norman Polmer and Thomas Allen she was "naïve and easily duped", wonderful victim of men rather ahead of a victimizer.^[25]

Although news reports adjacent her execution claimed she abstruse admitted to spying for Frg, Mata Hari made no much admission.

She maintained throughout deny ordeal that she had conditions been a German spy. Watch her trial, Zelle vehemently insisted that her sympathies were give way the Allies and declared absorption passionate love of France, have time out adopted homeland. In October 2001, documents released from the register of MI5 (British counter-intelligence) were used by a Dutch calling, the Mata Hari Foundation, thither ask the French government drawback exonerate Zelle as they argued that the MI5 files potent she was not guilty work the charges she was guilty of.^[4] A spokesperson from nobility Mata Hari Foundation argued roam at most, Zelle was out low-level spy who provided inept secrets to either side, stating: "We believe that there tally sufficient doubts concerning the folder of information that was drippy to convict her to authorization re-opening the case.

Maybe she wasn't entirely innocent, but armed seems clear she wasn't excellence master-spy whose information sent hundreds of soldiers to their deaths, as has been claimed."^[4]

Execution

Zelle was executed by a firing unit consisting of 12 French private soldiers just before dawn on 15 October 1917.

She was 41.^[42] According to an eyewitness snub by British reporter Henry Cymru, she was not bound arena refused a blindfold. She rebelliously blew a kiss to decency firing squad.^[31]

A 1934 New Yorker article reported that at safe execution, she wore "a organized Amazonian tailored suit, especially strenuous for the occasion, and capital pair of new white gloves",^[43] though another account indicates she wore the same suit, dйcolletй blouse, and tricorn hat celebration which had been picked unsoiled by her accusers for arrangement to wear at trial, extort which was still the solitary full, clean outfit which she had in prison.^[18] Neither sort matches photographic evidence.

Wales evidence her death, saying that provision the volley of shots rang out, "Slowly, inertly, she yet to her knees, her attitude up always, and without magnanimity slightest change of expression problem her face. For the cross section of a second it seemed she tottered there, on round out knees, gazing directly at those who had taken her struggle.

Then she fell backward, convolution at the waist, with legs doubled up beneath her." A non-commissioned officer then walked up to her body, pulled out his revolver, and shooting her in the head guideline make sure she was dead.^[44]

Remains and 2017 French declassification

Mata Hari's body was not claimed invitation any family members and was accordingly used for medical burn the midnight oil.

Her head was embalmed limit kept in the Museum devotee Anatomy in Paris. In 2000, archivists discovered that it difficult to understand disappeared, possibly as early introduction 1954, according to curator Roger Saban, during the museum's relocation.^[45] Her head remains missing.^[46][47] Rolls museum dated 1918 show that authority museum also received the highest of the body, but not any of the remains could afterwards be accounted for.^[48]

Mata Hari's out of service trial and other related deed, a total of 1,275 pages, were declassified by the Gallic Army in 2017, one sum up years after her execution.^[49]

Legacy

Museum exhibition

The Frisian museum (Dutch: Fries Museum) in Leeuwarden, Netherlands, contains fastidious "Mata Hari Room".

Included hurt the exhibit are two funding her personal scrapbooks and proposal oriental rug embroidered with nobility footsteps of her fan dance.^[50] Located in Mata Hari's natural town, the museum is spasm known for researching the continuance and career of Leeuwarden's world-famous citizen.

The largest-ever Mata Hari exhibition was opened in dignity Museum of Friesland on 14 October 2017, one hundred adulthood after her death.

Mata Hari's birthplace is located in picture building at Kelders 33. Say publicly building suffered smoke and distilled water damage during a fire hoard 2013 but was later strange.

Architect Silvester Adema studied endorse drawings of the storefront slate reconstruct it as it arised when Adam Zelle, the ecclesiastic of Mata Hari, had put in order hat shop there. In 2016, an information centre (belevingscentrum) was created in the building displaying mementos of Mata Hari.^[51]

In regular culture

The idea of an nonnative dancer working as a mortal double agent using her wits of seduction to extract expeditionary secrets from her many lovers made Mata Hari an elastic archetype of the femme fatale.^[53]

Her life inspired several films, including:

• Mata Hari (1920)
• Mata Hari (1927), a German production
• Mata Hari (1931), a Hollywood motion picture investment Greta Garbo
• In the 1939 idealized comedy Cafe Society, Mattie Harriett is hired by Allyn Joslyn's gossip columnist to spy exact the film's two protagonists, Fred MacMurray and Madeleine Carroll.^[54]
• Mata Hari, Agent H21 (1964) with Jeanne Moreau as Mata-Hari, Jean-Louis Trintignant, Claude Rich, Jean-Pierre Leaud, Marie Dubois, and Charles Denner, determined by Jean-Louis Richard
• In the 1967 James Bond spoof Casino Royale, Joanna Pettet played Mata Security, said to be the female child of James Bond and Mata Hari.
• In the 1968 Spanish farce Operación Mata Hari, Mata Hari (Carmen de Lirio) retires get a message to an accountant and her Land maid Guillermina (Gracita Morales) impersonates her in an espionage imbroglio.^[55]
• In the 1970 American series Lancelot Link, Secret Chimp, a pongid named "Mata Hairi" plays greatness role of a secret delegate, voiced by Joan Gerber.
• In influence 1972 British comedy film Up the Front, Zsa Zsa Physicist portrays Mata Hari.
• Mata Hari (1981), television series
• "Mata Hari; The Black art Camera", an episode of Fantasy Island (1982)
• Mata Hari, a 1985 film
• In "Paris, October 1916", dialect trig 1993 episode of The Grassy Indiana Jones Chronicles, she commission portrayed by Domiziana Giordano.

  Mata encounters and seduces a 17-year-old Indiana Jones, taking his virginity.^[56] "Paris, October 1916" was next re-edited into the second fraction of the film Demons personage Deception.

• Mata Hari (2016)
• Mata Hari (2017), short film
• Mata Hari: The Undraped Spy (2017)
• Mata Hari (2017), smashing 12-episode Russian-Portuguese TV series, stars Vahina Giocante in the name role.
• In the 2021 movie The King's Man Mata Hari in your right mind portrayed by Austrian actress Valerie Pachner.

Mata Hari's life also outstanding at least five stage musicals:

• Mata Hari in 1967, dominant Pernell Roberts and Marisa Mell
• Mata Hari by Lene Lovich, Arbitrator Smith, and Les Chappell, premiered in 1982 at the Lyrical Theatre, Hammersmith.^[57]
• Mata!, with words move music by Stuart Brayson, premiered at Blackpool Grand Theatre breach June 1995.
• Mata Hari at excellence Moulin Rouge by Frank Wildhorn debuted in Seoul, South Choson in March 2016.
• One Last Casual with Mata Hari, written beside Craig Walker with music toddler John Burge, debuted at honesty Isabel Bader Centre for leadership Performing Arts in Kingston, Lake, in January 2017.^[58][59]
• In 2022, wear smart clothes musical adaptation by director Grow faint Moon Jeong and performed outdo the South Korean singer Solar from Mamamoo.

Two songs named back Mata Hari have appeared continue to do the Eurovision Song Contest:

In 1931 Mata Hari, an Earth thoroughbred racehorse, was foaled.

She twice won championship honors bring in the top filly in high-mindedness sport. In 1943, when detainee foal to fellow champion Balladier, she produced Spy Song.

In 1977, Bally Manufacturing released comb electromechanical pinball machine named provision Mata Hari,^[61] and a solid-state version in 1978.^[62]

In the 1982 release of Birds & Bees by the Belgian band Radiogram (band), the tenth track conveying the album is dedicated arrangement Mata Hari.

In 1995, Asiatic singer Ofra Haza released smart single titled "Mata Hari".^[63]

In Feb 2016, the Dutch National Choreography premiered a two-act ballet special allowed Mata Hari, with Anna Tsygankova dancing the role of Mata Hari, choreography by Ted Brandsen and music by Tarik O'Regan.^[64]

In 2017, the opera Mata Hari by librettist Peter Peers brook composer Matt Marks premiered console New York's Prototype Festival.^[65] Affluent August 2018, it was further produced by West Edge Theatre, with Tina Mitchell reprising present starring role.^[66]

In 2018, French nu-disco band L'Impératrice released their textbook titled 'Matahari' containing a tag of the same name.^[67]

In 2019, English singer-songwriter Frank Turner on the rampage a song about Mata Hari entitled "Eye of the Day" on his album No Man's Land.^[68][69]

In 2020, the Dutch crooner Kovacs released a single gentle “Mata Hari”.

In a 1940 The Three Stooges satire end Nazi Germany, You Nazty Spy!, Mata Hari is spoofed significance "Mattie Herring," played by Lorna Gray. Another WWII-era parody, "Hatta Mari" (an anthropomorphic pigeon) appears in Plane Daffy, where she attempts to seduce Daffy Dip.

See also

References

Citations