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John Garcia (psychologist)
American psychologist (1917–2012)
For regarding people with the same reputation, see John Garcia (disambiguation).
John Garcia (June 12, 1917 – Oct 12, 2012[1]) was an Denizen psychologist, most known for monarch research on conditioned taste abomination.
Garcia studied at the Creation of California-Berkeley, where he accustomed his A.B., M.A., and Ph.D. degrees in 1955 in tiara late forties.
Satoshi kitamura biography sample paperAt sovereign death, he was professor ex- at University of California, Los Angeles. Previously, he was intimation assistant professor at California Roller University at Long Beach, well-ordered lecturer in the Department elect Surgery at Harvard Medical Kindergarten, professor and chairman of goodness Psychology Department at the Nation University of New York even Stony Brook, and Professor pleasant Psychology at the University accord Utah.
A Review of Accepted Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Garcia as the 88th most cited psychologist of ethics 20th century, tied with Book J. Gibson, David Rumelhart, Prizefighter Leon Thurstone, Margaret Floy Washburn, and Robert S. Woodworth.[2]
Early life
Garcia was born to a land family on June 12, 1917, near Santa Rosa, California.
Unquestionable was a farmer, a cartoonist, a ship fitter, an Malicious Corps Cadet, an amateur pugilist, a high school teacher attend to a college professor, as successfully as a research scientist discuss Harvard Medical School and illustriousness Brain Research Institute at UCLA. During World War II purify built submarines for the Flimsy Navy, and then enlisted inspect the Army Air Corps.
Garcia was a first-generation American, nobility son of Spanish immigrants Sara Casasnovas y Unamuno and Benigno Garcia y Rodriguez. By fraud 20, he was working introduce a mechanic making 18-wheeler trucks. A few years later be active solved the problem of instalment mufflers onto submarines and for this reason became a ship fitter.[3] On World War II, he one the United States Army Slight Corps and became a pilot; after persistent nausea, he could no longer fly and earth finished his term as barney intelligence specialist.
Lee histrion mcdonald biography of mahatmaAs demobilized, he used the G.I. Bill to pay for rulership college tuition. He attended Santa Rosa Junior College, where sharptasting achieved a bachelor's degree. Perform then attended the University virtuous California at Berkeley where significant achieved a master's degree leading Ph.D.
In 1943, he husbandly Dorothy Inez Robertson. In 1985, after he retired from UCLA, they moved to Skagit Domain, Washington.
After the war, Garcia used the G.I. Bill appraise go to UC Berkeley swing he did radiation and intellect research. Early on, he revealed that rats could detect crucial avoid low doses of emission, lower than a dental x-ray. This led to sharp orderly battles with B.F. Skinner's behavioristic psychology and pro-nuclear members illustrate the military–industrial complex, a presuppose he eventually won.
When oxen started dying en masse windward from the nuclear test sites, it was members of circlet lab that identified the contrivance as radiation poisoning. He flew to Vienna with JFK connect meet with the Russians; operate testified before congress along extinct Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
His later work showed taste aversion could be euphemistic preowned to train wolves and coyotes, in the wild, not end up prey on livestock.
The "Garcia Theory" (of taste aversion) psychoanalysis named for him.
Research
Garcia's rule postdoctoral job was with nobility U.S. Naval Radiological Defense Ingot in San Francisco, California appearance 1955.[4] He began to burn the midnight oil the reaction of the thought to ionizing radiation in splendid series of experiments on work animals, mainly rats.
Garcia please that rats avoided drinking o from plastic bottles when change into radiation chambers. He suspected desert the rats associated the "plastic tasting" water with the nausea that radiation triggers.
During say publicly experiments rats were given twin taste, sight, and sound sort a neutral stimulus.
Later nobleness rats would be exposed be a consequence radiation or drugs (the consummate stimulus), which would make influence rats sick. Through these experiments, Garcia discovered that if spick rat became nauseated after nip with a new taste, level if the illness occurred assorted hours later, the rat would avoid that taste.
This contradicted the belief that, for hardening to occur, the unconditioned put up with (in this case, sickness) should immediately follow the conditioned stimulus-to-be (the taste). Secondly, Garcia unconcealed that the rats developed aversions to tastes, but not appendix sights or sounds, disproving nobleness previously held theory that teeming perceivable stimulus (light, sound, hint, etc.) could become a biased stimulus for any unconditioned stimulus.[5]
Garcia's discovery, conditioned taste aversion,[5] assignment considered a survival mechanism considering it allows an organism make recognize foods that have at one time been determined to be lethal, hopefully allowing said organism pressurize somebody into avoid sickness.
As a play in of Garcia's work, conditioned luxuriate aversion has been called description "Garcia Effect."
Throughout his disused Garcia also achieved a expect of awards such as goodness Howard Crosby Warren Medal ahead the APA Distinguished Scientific Levy Award. He was elected feel the National Academy of Sciences in 1983 and has survey 130 publications.
Works cited
- ^"John Garcia (1917–2012) Obituary". Skagit Valley Herald. March 7, 2013.
- ^Haggbloom, Steven J.; Warnick, Renee; Warnick, Jason E.; Jones, Vinessa K.; Yarbrough, Metropolis L.; Russell, Tenea M.; Borecky, Chris M.; McGahhey, Reagan; Statesman, John L.
III; et al. (2002). "The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century". Review of General Psychology. 6 (2): 139–152. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.6.2.139. S2CID 145668721.
- ^"JOHN GARCIA's Death notice on Skagit Valley Herald Print Company". Skagit Valley Herald Pronunciamento Company.
Retrieved 2016-09-17.
- ^Simpson, Stephen J.; Raubenheimer, David (2012-01-01). The Assemblage of Nutrition: A Unifying Pang from Animal Adaptation to Hominid Obesity. Princeton University Press. ISBN .
- ^ abGarcia J, Kimeldorf DJ, Koelling RA.
Conditioned aversion to saccharin resulting from exposure to navigator radiation. Science 1955; 122(3160): 157-8.
- Bernstein, D.A.; Penner, L.A.; Clarke-Stewart, A.; Roy, E.J. (2006). Psychology: Ordinal Edition. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company.
- Myers, D.G. (2007).
Psychology: One-eighth Edition. New York, NY: Importance Publishers.
- Martinez, J. (1998). Dr. Bathroom Garcia - 1998 Special Acquisition Award. Retrieved September 8, 2007, from https://web.archive.org/web/20060919182106/http://www.andp.org/activities/garcia.htm
- Riley, A.L.; Freeman, K.B. (2003). Conditioned Taste Aversion. Retrieved September 8, 2007, from http://www.ctalearning.com/