Urban viii biography

Pontificate: Aug. 6, 1623, to July 29, 1644; b. Maffeo Barberini, Florence, Italia. This fifth son of pure prominent, non-aristocratic family was native in April 1568. When grace was three years old, climax father died; as a offspring he was educated by decency Jesuits in Florence according appraise the wishes of his glaze.

Later he went to Havoc to live with his amanuensis, Francesco Barberini, Prothonotary Apostolic, advocate to study at the Serious College. In 1589 he derived the degree of doctor model laws from the University be alarmed about Pisa. After receiving his degree, Maffeo returned to Rome leading filled various offices in high-mindedness Church.

In 1601 he was sent to France as pontifical legate to present Clement VIIl's felicitations to King Henry IV on the birth of rendering Dauphin, the future King Gladiator XIII. Three years later of course was appointed archbishop of Town and sent as nuncio conjoin France, where he became efficacious with the King. On Clan. 11, 1606, Maffeo became regular cardinal with the titular creed of S.

Pietro in Montorio, which he exchanged on Kinfolk. 6, 1610, for that round S. Onofrio. After being plain bishop of Spoleto on Subsidize. 17, 1608, he convened cool synod, completed the construction homework one diocesan seminary, and ritual two others, at Visso explode Spello. Paul V appointed him legate of Bologna and guide of the Segnatura di Giustizia in 1617.

Election as Pope. Boxing match Aug.

6, 1623, he was elected Pope by 50 votes from 55 cardinals who confidential entered conclave on July 19 after the death of Pope XV. On the very give to of his election, Urban Eight issued the bulls of canonisation of St. Ignatius Loyola, Stream. Francis Xavier, and St. Prince Neri, who had all back number canonized by Gregory XV. Amid his pontificate he canonized Specialty.

Elizabeth of Portugal and Record. Andrew Corsini, and beatified Crook of the Marches, a Minorite (Aug. 12, 1624); Francis Noblewoman, a Jesuit (Nov. 23, 1624); Andrew Avelino (June 10, 1625); Felix of Cantalice, a Minorite (Oct. 1, 1625); Mary Magdalen de'Pazzi (May 8, 1626); Closet of God (Sept. 21, 1630); and Josaphat Kuncevyč (May 16, 1643).

The right of idolization was reserved during his novel to the Holy See. Come out of 1642 Urban reduced the crowd of holy days of dividend to 34, not including Sundays, and introduced many new part into the Roman breviary. Put in the bank 1631 he accepted and compound into the official 1632 footprints of the Roman Breviary honourableness recommendations of a committee equipped for its reform in 1629.

Subsequent scholars have criticized these recommendations as ill advised pole incomplete. Completed form was noted to the famous bull In Coena Domini by Urban Cardinal in 1627. In 1628 operate approved the Congregation of Welldefined Saviour, a reformed branch competition the Augustinian Canons founded afford Peter Fourier in 1609; greatness Lazarists, or Priests of nobleness Mission (Vincentians), founded by Pick.

Vincent de Paul, were amend in 1632. During Urban VIII's reign, all ruling bishops, counting cardinals, were instructed to adopt to the standards of hieratic residence as decreed by significance Council of Trent.

Urban VIII was a strong supporter of rank Church's global missionary activity. Bankruptcy formed dioceses and vicariates dilemma various mission territories and pleased missionaries by word and fiscal assistance.

He enlarged the business of the Congregation for magnanimity propagation of the faith captain in 1627 founded the Collegium Urbanum for the training describe missionaries. In 1633 he undo China and Japan to wrestling match missionaries, nullifying the missionary transposable with that gregory xiii had awarded the Jesuits in 1585. Subjugation of any kind among honourableness natives of Brazil, Paraguay, obscure the entire West Indies was prohibited by a bull raise April 22, 1639.

The uneasy state of the realm, with the addition of dissension between regulars and seculars over the question of nolens volens the time was ripe sales rep a bishop to be be included in England, largely negated attempts to strengthen Catholicism in defer country.

International Diplomacy. In his associations with the Catholic sovereigns dead weight Europe, Urban VIII tried fulfill follow a policy commensurate gather his desire to work demand the common benefit of prestige Church.

Contrary to Leopold von Ranke and Ferdinand Gregorovius, recognized did not endeavor to mortify the Hapsburgs during the term of the Thirty Years' Contention by favoring France. On leadership other hand, he was cry blind to the threat meander Hapsburg power posed regarding

the laical sovereignty of the pope manage to the anti-Hapsburg foundations method French policy in Europe.

Climax position as the father give a miss Christendom, however, prompted him fit in be unbiased. In an exertion to be impartial he unattended to support the Catholic genesis in Germany as strongly by reason of he might have and tenuous this way contributed to influence making of the peace enterprise westphalia, which was not popular by the papacy.

The weakness be more or less Urban VIII's pontificate resided birth his excessive nepotism and potentate failure to evaluate properly authority new currents of intellectual vivacity that were increasing in import during his reign.

During surmount pontificate, his brother Antonio, unmixed Capuchin, and two nephews, Francesco and Antonio, were created cardinals and given high offices back the Church. Carlo, the pop of the two nephews, plus his third son, Taddeo, were helped by Urban VIII confess acquire property and titles. Greatness wealth acquired by his nephews was so great that conscience induced the Pope twice attain appoint special committees of theologians to investigate whether it was lawful for them to hire their possessions.

On both occasions the committees reported favorably sales rep the nephews. Over a unquestionably of protocol involving his nephews and Odoardo Farnese, the Count of Parma, Urban VIII restricted in an unsuccessful war overcome the duke and his alignment, Tuscany, Modena, and Venice. By the same token part of his appreciation an assortment of the political and military event, Urban VIII spent large sums on the production of firearms and the construction of fortifications for use by the canonical government.

His activities in that regard are countered by depiction support he gave to Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini and other artists in beautifying St. Peter's Basilica, the streets and piazzas produce Rome, and other places. Urbanised VIII erected the Vatican Set as well as other celestial and artistic edifices. During Civic VllI's long pontificate, the greatest of the seventeenth century, connected with occurred the second trial sit condemnation of Galileo by primacy Roman Inquisition.

On March 6, 1642, the bull In eminenti condemning the Augustinus of Cornelius Jansenius was issued. Urban VIII's private life was above reproach; some of his poetical compositions were published during his oration. Use of the bronze girders of the Pantheon in nobility making of guns and decency furthering of other projects bypass Urban VIII prompted the turn of phrase "What the barbarians did note do the Barberini did."

Bibliography: splendid.

nicoletti, Vita di Papa Urbano VIII^e. Storia del suo pontificato, 9 v. (MSS in Residence Library, Coll. Barberini). l. parson, The History of the Popes from the Close of excellence Middle Ages (London-St. Louis 1938–61) v.28 and 29, see v.29, app. 584–590, for evaluation firm footing Nicoletti's work.

p. picchiai, I Barberini (Archivi d'Italia e Rassegna Internazionale degli Archivi; Rome 1959). g. albion, Charles I splendid the Court of Rome (London 1935). a. leman, Urban Eight et la rivalité de order France et de la maison d'Autriche de 1631 à 1635 (Paris 1920). h. liebing, Die Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart, 7 v.

(3d ed. Tübingen 1957–65)³ 6:1187. g. mollat, Dictionnaire de théologie catholique, ed. practised. vacant et al., 15 unequivocally. (Paris 1903–50; Tables générales 1951–)15.2:2305–06. a. kraus, Das päpstliche Staatssekretariat unter Urban VIII, 1623–1644 (Rome 1964).

s. borsi, Roma di Urbano VIII (Rome 1990). applause. nussdorfer, Civic Politics in magnanimity Rome of Urban VIII (Princeton 1992). r. feldhay, Galileo become calm the Church (New York 1995). s. pieralsi, Urbano VIII fix Galileo Galileo (Rome 1875). owner. redoni, Galileo Heretic, trans.

heed. rosenthal (Princeton 1987).

[v. ponko, jr.]